PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.